Lightning And Static Essay Example For Students

Lightning And Static Essay Lightning is a release of electricity produced via friction in the environment, which causes a brilliant blaze of light. When lighting experiences the air, it warms the air to degrees more sizzling than the suns surface around 50,000 degrees fahrenheit. This warming makes the air extend and contract. This causes the sound called thunder. Lightning is brought about by a development of negative particles in the air which releases into the ground making the negative particles go with the positive particles in the ground. Electricity produced via friction is contrarily and decidedly charged iotas. A static charge then again is an individual particle with a negative or positive charge. There are three kinds of charges negative positive and unbiased. Negative and positive particles pull in. In any case, two negatives repulse one another, much the same as two positives will. Impartially charged particles can draw in to both negative and positive particles, since they have and adjusted charge of negative and positive particles, this implies it has a similar measure of negative and positive particles. This is the place the accompanying guideline is genuine opposites are drawn toward each other, and preferences repulse. Friction based electricity is created when two distinct items are scoured together and a few electrons are taken from one article and afterward begin to gather on the outside of the other item. The article that loses electrons turns out to be emphatically charged, in light of the fact that e lectrons are adversely charged and there is a nonattendance of electrons and such a large number of protons. Presently on the grounds that opposites are inclined toward one another and like repulse the explanation hair stands up when you rub something on it very well may be clarified. When something is focused on a dry spot, the thing takes electrons from your hair, leaving your hair with a positive energize it remains as distant as conceivable from the other emphatically charged hairs. There reason there is minimal friction based electricity in regions with a high stickiness, similar to the Virgin Islands, is on the grounds that the mugginess noticeable all around is a conduit of power, so it helps trancfer the free electrons to a zone that can acknowledge electrons, similar to the earth so relatively few free electrons remain on any item that is soaked. Electricity produced via friction can be use to do numerous things, one of these things is holding down air contamination by placing an anode in manufacturing plant smoke stacks so the residue will gather on the cathode. Lightning and static can be unsafe. lightning is destructive, a few people figure it doesn't have any danger from a separation, similar to when a lighting storm is up to ten miles away. The most lightning strikes happen under the lightning storm where the downpour is coming down the hardest. Signs to advise if lightning is going to strike in your general vicinity are, If your hair stands up you hear static popping or snapping, and on the off chance that you believe you body shiver because of particles traveling through your body the static on convenient electronic things increments abruptly, you smell the smell of statically charged air, or you see static sparkles starting noticeable all around you. Activities inside to shield from getting injured while in a lightnin g storm are, escape from entryways outside, yards, windows, and great channels of power. Stay away from telephones that are not cordless and in the event that it is a cordless telephone evade it on the off chance that it is on the support. Try not to contact things that utilization power except if they are unplugged. Try not to remain close or lay on solid dividers. Try not to utilize a metal structure for cover. Also, dont go into the storm cellar in light of the fact that the power can go through the ground. To not get injured outside, head inside on the off chance that you hear thunder, if the sky looks undermining, and remain inside for at any rate 30 minutes after the last solid of thunder. On the off chance that you are gotten outside and don't have cover near you during a lightning storm, you should hunch to the ground, get onto the chunks of your feet, put your hands on your knees, put your head between your knees, cause yourself as little as you to can, and attempt to have as meager physical contact to the ground as you can. Friction based electricity has been thought about for quite a while. Some time around the year 600BC the Greek Mathematician named Thales was may have been the first to record that golden scoured with hide would pull in little light items. In 1733 C.F. de Cistenay Dufay named the two charges of static, resinous power because of an excessive number of electrons, and electron insufficiency power. Presently electricity produced via friction is found to be a wellspring of numerous issues in industry. . Static can mess up Industry, as in the creation of plastic materials, and the transportation or utilization of combustible fluids. With the creation of plastic materials the plastic can cause the creation machines to stop up, and meager portions of plastic to stay together and obstruct machines. With moving or utilizing combustible fluids a static flash can igniht an entire compartment of the fluid. .u9198fda96228ba4e960d88a2f8ab3b8e , .u9198fda96228ba4e960d88a2f8ab3b8e .postImageUrl , .u9198fda96228ba4e960d88a2f8ab3b8e .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u9198fda96228ba4e960d88a2f8ab3b8e , .u9198fda96228ba4e960d88a2f8ab3b8e:hover , .u9198fda96228ba4e960d88a2f8ab3b8e:visited , .u9198fda96228ba4e960d88a2f8ab3b8e:active { border:0!important; } .u9198fda96228ba4e960d88a2f8ab3b8e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u9198fda96228ba4e960d88a2f8ab3b8e { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u9198fda96228ba4e960d88a2f8ab3b8e:active , .u9198fda96228ba4e960d88a2f8ab3b8e:hover { darkness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u9198fda96228ba4e960d88a2f8ab3b8e .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .u9198fda96228ba4e960d88a2f8ab3b8e .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-embellishment: underline; } .u9198fda96228ba4e960d88a2f8ab3b8e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u9198fda96228ba4e960d88a2f8ab3b8e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-design: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9198fda96228ba4e960d88a2f8ab3b8e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u9198fda96228 ba4e960d88a2f8ab3b8e .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u9198fda96228ba4e960d88a2f8ab3b8e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u9198fda96228ba4e960d88a2f8ab3b8e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: BUS 640 Week Two Assignment Paper EssaySome methods were created to help forestall static issues with the creation of static , the two significant strategies are synthetic compounds, or the utilization of carbon as well as metal fillers. With the substance method of controlling static the synthetic compounds are blended in with the embellishment palettes or powder. The subsequent route is to apply the synthetic compounds legitimately to the outside of the plastic that has the trim. These two compound strategies work, since they help disperse the static into the air, by expanding the conductivity of the plastic. With the metal/ carbon filler technique you blend in the metal or carbon pellets in with the embellishment pellets/dust. Along these lines works since it raises the conductivity of the plastic shaped with the fillers. In spite of the fact that these strategies for getting of the static may sound great, there are disadvantages, as with every single beneficial thing. The compound strategy erodes the apparatus and lets microscopic organisms as well as parasite to develop in the item or creation gear it additionally effectively wear out. The metal/carbon filler has its own arrangement of issues, They either work themselves out of the item, on the grounds that the fillers dont blend well in with the plastic, and prompt the work territories to get grimy (can be a significant issue in certain regions). The fillers likewise make plastic obscure, with the goal that will make it hard to follow while being delivered. This is awful in light of the fact that the item would should be followed to perceive how pro ficient the work is going. There are three significant procedures for forestalling friction based electricity in the transportation stockpiling transference and utilization of combustible fluids. The primary path is by holding two compartments while moving the fluid between them. What you do in holding is you take something that can direct power and you interface it between the two compartments. What holding is to do is make the static charges in the compartments about equivalent, so that there won't be a lot of static possible vitality, and no sparkles will frame while moving fluid, the majority of the moving siphons that are made have uncommon establishing things in their exchange hoses. Another approach to forestall electricity produced via friction develop in the capacity of conductive compartments of the fluid is to ground them. You can ground things by associating the compartments on metal, or conductive material that is some how crashed into the ground, however you should ens ure that the holder is in direct contact with the material or metal. The third route for controlling friction based electricity is by utilizing non-conductive material so it will be somewhat difficult for any static to develop in the compartments. There are a few issues with these methods however. The initial two techniques are not solid in light of the fact that a decent association between to metal surfaces is difficult to keep up, and the third strategy has a few issues as well, particular kinds of compartments probably won't have the option to take warmth or stun. There are a few

Supercontinent

This paper will test the hypothesis that the mainlands of the Earth were initially a solitary supercontinent. It will portray the thinking behind the hypothesis, survey the proof that as far as anyone knows underpins it, and present the thinking for its dismissal. It will likewise introduce an elective view. It will clarify the utilization of fossil records to interface bits of history, and why they might be one of the more huge strategies utilized. The paper recommends that the hypothesis of the supercontinent and the investigation of fossil records come up short on a sure end to the geographical history of the Earth and its current state, justifying the thought of an elective view. In 1912, a German meteorologist presented the possibility of the mainland float. His name was Alfred Wegener, and despite the fact that he was not the first to investigate this hypothesis, his quest for the thought held more assurance than some other. 1 Wegener accepted that the mainlands initially were connected in a solitary supercontinent he called Pangaea (â€Å"all land† or â€Å"all earth†). He likewise accepted that the mainland, encompassed by one worldwide sea, at that point broke separated and floated to isolate puts on Earth. He contemplated that the procedure rehashed itself over some stretch of time. A total cycle from start to finish could take around 300-600 million years. To help his hypothesis, Wegener gave proof, for example, how the states of the landmasses seem to fit together like the bits of a riddle. He is likewise noticed how mountain ranges proceeded among mainlands, and seem to connect them together. Wegener likewise submitted proof that fossils and rock matter found on various mainlands were fundamentally the same as one another. Most curiously, were the cases where plant and creature fossils were found on the coastlines of South America and Africa (If taking a gander at a world guide, it very well may be said that Africa‘s west coast and South America‘s east coast appear to fit together). To Wegner, this was the most convincing proof that the two mainlands used to be one. 2 Although all of Wegner’s proof appeared to harmonize, his hypothesis came up short on an essential point: a substantial clarification of what pushed the mainlands separated. Wegener contemplated that the landmasses crashed through the sea floor. His companions quickly dismissed this thought. Studies directed years after the fact supported in the advancement of the idea of plate tectonics, just as the resulting affirmation of mainland float hypothesis. As recently referenced, fossil records were among the proof used to help the mainland float hypothesis. They give some proof of when and how life started, what sorts of life forms existed and to what extent they lived. Fossils likewise determine what the atmosphere was and how it changed, just as give signs to the Earth’s structural evolvement. With the investigation of fossil records, it is possible that when the landmasses isolated and rejoined, that creatures once known to one explicit area, presently went in and about different mainlands. 3 The moving of the landmasses caused climatic changes that impacted this movement; notwithstanding, climatic change was not the sole explanation. Creature movement is characteristic of the way that creatures were adjusting to their environmental factors (the accessibility of food, water, and so on in a particular territory). Fossils have had incredible verifiable impact. A lot of what we think about history has originated from the investigation of fossils. Plate tectonics was fundamentally supported by the idea that fossils presently discovered broadly divided over the globe needed to exist on a similar unique landmass that hence part separated. The African fossil record is seemingly the most huge wellspring of transformative history. Its divided segments might be dissipated all through the landmass, however significantly an indispensable piece of sorting out history. Indeed, even with its supporting proof, there are prominent blemishes in the possibility of the mainland float. The hypothesis expresses that all landmasses were once part of a solitary supercontinent, yet doesn't clarify how the supercontinent itself shaped. The Creationist see offers an answer. By record of the Bible, the formation of the supercontinent and the resulting moving of the landmasses are clarified in Genesis: before all else God made the sky and the earth†¦God stated, â€Å"Let there be an atmosphere amidst the waters, and let it isolate the waters from the waters. Subsequently, God made the atmosphere, and isolated the waters that were under the atmosphere from the waters that were over the atmosphere; and it was so. Furthermore, God called the atmosphere Heaven†¦Then God stated, â€Å"Let the waters under the sky be assembled into one spot, and let the dry land appear†; and it was so†¦. This is the historical backdrop of the sky and the earth when they were created†¦4 Genesis additionally discloses to us that God made it downpour on the earth for forty days and evenings. This occasion is recorded as the Great Flood. Seemingly, the division of the atmosphere, notwithstanding the impacts of the flood, caused the moving of the landmasses. The Bible likewise expresses that during the flood God demolished both man and cows from the earth. Those on the ark were the main survivors. In this way, it is sensible to accept that those human and creature remains would later be found fossilized profound inside the earth. The mainland float hypothesis reasons that all landmasses framed from a solitary supercontinent. The utilization of fossil records has been utilized to help this hypothesis. At first dismissed, different investigations allegedly affirm the hypothesis. In any case, after looking into it further the hypothesis brings up a greater number of issues than answers. One is simply the subject of the supercontinent. The hypothesis discloses to us that subcontinents framed by the breaking separated of one supercontinent, yet doesn't expand on how the supercontinent shaped. Creationist proposes an alternate view. The possibility of scriptural creation discloses to us that God made the earth and afterward made it break and move separated. Endnotes 1. John Reader, Africa: A memoir of the Continent (New York: Vintage Books, 1999), 21. 2. NASA. â€Å"Evidence supporting Continental Drift†, 2003. http://kids. earth. nasa. gov/document/pangaea/proof. html. 3. Peruser, 39. 4. The Holy Bible: New King James Version (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, Inc. , 1984), Genesis 1:1, 6-9, 2:4. List of sources Answers. com. â€Å"Plate tectonics: definition and considerably more from answers. comâ€Å", 2008. ttp://answers. com/theme/plate-structural (got to 8/4/2008). John Reader, Africa: A history of the Continent (New York: Vintage Books, 1999). NASA. â€Å"Evidence supporting Continental Drift† Sharron Sample, 2003. http://kids. earth. nasa. gov/chronicle/pangaea/proof. html. The Holy Bible: New King James Version (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, Inc. , 1984). Wik ipedia. â€Å"Supercontinent cycle† 2008. http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/supercontinent_cycle Wisegeek. â€Å"What is the supercontinent cycle? † http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-the-supercontinent-cycle. htm (got to 8/4/2008)

Five Soft Skills That Will Help You Land a Job

Five Soft Skills That Will Help You Land a Job Five Soft Skills That Will Help You Land a Job By Emily Valentine With more and more school leavers opting to head to university, the job market is becoming increasingly saturated with eager and talented graduates. While your in-depth understanding of the works of Shakespeare or the ability to code an entire website in record time could help you get your dream job, there are some other (less theoretical or technical) soft skills that might come in handy as well.     The importance of personal attributes and non-technical skills is on the rise. Soft skills (otherwise known as interpersonal skills) were identified in LinkedIn’s 2017 Global Recruiting Trends Survey as being a key area for candidate assessment for the year ahead and beyond. The World Economic Forum also indicates that “employers are looking beyond qualifications to figure out what other skills their candidates have”. Most employers will want to test soft skills at interview, but to get ahead of the game you might want to throw a few examples into your LinkedIn profile or CV. Just make sure you do it in a tangible way that’s backed up by evidence.   Communication via GIPHY Whether verbal or written, employers love a good communicator. When they’re looking through your LinkedIn profile, your website, your CV and your social media feeds, they’ll be searching for evidence you know how to communicate in a polite and professional way. Check (and double check) anything you’ve made public and look at it from a potential employer’s point of view. Make sure you don’t fall at the first hurdle. Once you get to interview stage, your verbal communication skills will be tested to the max, so keep calm, don’t speak too quickly, and go back to any questions you feel you didn’t answer to your full potential. Problem solving via GIPHY The ability to solve a problem is often more important to an employer than someone who never makes any mistakes. After all, we’re only human. So, while it might be tempting to answer the popular “tell us about a time you resolved conflict” question by saying you’ve never encountered any, it won’t win you any brownie points.   University life is filled with problems that need to be overcome, so pick a real example and show you’re able to deal with problematic issues in a mature and thoughtful manner. Teamwork via GIPHY The majority of jobs will require you to work with other people, so it’s essential you can show you’re a team player at interview. Employers will often ask you for an example of a time you had to work as part of a team, and what role you played within it. They don’t necessarily want to hear you were the leader of the pack, instead they’re interested to hear how you contributed to the project.   While it might be tempting to say you’re a brilliant and confident team leader, it’s going to be obvious you might not be telling the truth if you’re the shy retiring type. Instead, focus on your best attributes. Maybe your excellent time management skills helped to keep the project on track? Working under pressure via GIPHY Work can be tough at times, and your new potential employer wants to see you’re the sort of person who won’t crumble under pressure. Having to cope with university deadlines and exams can put even the coolest of cucumbers under stress, so you’re already well equipped to demonstrate how you have the ability to keep calm and collected. Flexibility via GIPHY The workplace can be a changeable thing, and sometimes you might have to roll up your sleeves and help with a task or project you’re not entirely familiar with. You might even have to work a few extra hours here or there when there’s a tight deadline coming up. Your new employer will want to see whether you’re flexible, with a can-do attitude. So, if they ask you how you might feel about going the extra mile, respond in a positive way. Before your reach interview stage, be sure to have a few examples up your sleeve. All through university, whether it be through team exercises or personal projects, you’ll have inadvertently been building up an arsenal of soft skills. Some universities are also teaching soft skills alongside their degree courses, so if you’re lucky enough to get the opportunity, grab it with both hands. Emily Valentine writes graduate careers advice for Inspiring Interns. Opportunities on their books include graduate marketing jobs, and graduate jobs Manchester. (Lead image: Will Folsom (Flickr))

Poor Things V. Frankenstein - 2556 Words

Andrew Klush Eng 101H Mr. Panza Essay on Monstrosity Mary Shelley made her reputation of being one of the best Romantic authors on the basis of just one book. The notoriety that came with being the daughter of two famous authors helped, as did her age at the time of conceiving the book, but Frankenstein was the only one of her stories to achieve any fame. The level of fame it achieved, however, was astounding. In fact, even though it was originally published in 1818, Alasdair Gray still saw fit to use Frankenstein as his primary inspiration for Poor Things in 1992. The Gothic Romantic nature of both of these books is well known, but the monstrosity contained within them is an interesting topic to examine. Romantic literature was†¦show more content†¦The story grows from this inception to the somewhat vague description of Victor s creation. Shelley, through Victor, through Walton, explains the manner in which Victor prowled graveyards and such to compile body parts, much like Shelley used disjointed segments of individual observations to compile her story. Then, she delves into a birth. The animation of his project scares Victor so much, that he immediately abandons the creation, only to later see the monster in his room, reaching for Victor with a grin. Victor ‘escapes, abandons his child again. The lack of parenting and guidance is remarkable, no doubt inspired by Mary s own situation at the time. Then, as Victor wanders aimlessly, he encounters his childhood best friend, Clerval. Clerval is one of the truly honest characters in the book, though he also has problems with his father. He is Victor s true friend, one who will love him regardless, though Victor is monstrous enough to miss that fact, and tells Clerval nothing of his creation. Shelley then introduces us to Justine Moritz, a maid at the Frankenstein s home, who was mistreated by her mother before coming to work for them. Her love for the Frankenstein family is deep and pure. This is why it is such a shock to find out that she is the primary suspect in the murder of Victor s younger brother. The boy was strangled; a sign of rage and power issues, and a locket containing his mothers picture was stolen. Shelley keeps herShow MoreRelatedEssay about Frankenstein, the Modern Prometheus?1373 Words   |  6 PagesFRANKENSTEIN, THE MODERN PROMETHEUS? In order to illustrate the main theme of her novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelly draws strongly on the myth of Prometheus, as the subtitle The Modern Prometheus indicates. Maurice Hindle, in his critical study of the novel, suggests, the primary theme of Frankenstein is what happens to human sympathies and relationships when men seek obsessively to satisfy their Promethean longings to conquer the unknown - supposedly in the service of their fellow-humansRead More Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein In order to illustrate the main theme of her novel â€Å"Frankenstein†, Mary Shelly draws strongly on the myth of Prometheus, as the subtitle The Modern Prometheus indicates. Maurice Hindle, in his critical study of the novel, suggests, â€Å"the primary theme of Frankenstein is what happens to human sympathies and relationships when men seek obsessively to satisfy their Promethean longings to â€Å"conquer the unknown† - supposedly in the service of their fellow-humans†. ThisRead MoreMary Shellys Frankenstein and the Consideration of Psychological Traumas Women Face in the Lack of Control Over Their Reproductive Organs1798 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Mary Shellys Frankenstein and the Consideration of Psychological Traumas Women Face in the Lack of Control Over Their Reproductive Organs I. Objective The objective of this study is to examine Mary Shellys work Frankenstein and to consider the psychological traumas women face in the lack of control over their reproductive organs. II. Introduction Women throughout the world have experienced psychological trauma over the lack of control over their reproductive organs and whether this traumaRead MoreThe Prejudice of Humanity in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein516 Words   |  2 PagesLike many things in life, a transformation needs to occur. In the process of transformation, the outcome can either be good or bad due to circumstances that are out of the control of the person undergoing the transformation. Are we then to blame that person for destroying the process of their transformation? Of course not! We would blame the circumstances that led to the cause of the transformation going bad. The same applies to the creature in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. His downfall from virtueRead MoreBetween â€Å"Eternal Light† and â€Å"Darkness and Distance† as Main Symbols in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus2020 Words   |  9 Pages FRANKENSTEIN, OR THE MODERN PROMETHEUS by Nikolay Valeriev Nikolov Captain Walton is sailing to the â€Å"region of beauty and delight,† which is how he imagines the North Pole. He endeavours to â€Å"those undiscovered solitudes† and exclaims: â€Å"What may not be expected in a country of eternal light?† He is trying something uncommon for ordinary people on the one hand, and something possible from logical point of view on the other. 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Occasionally these ideas appear in the context of straightforward characterization, but in some literatures, such as Marry Shelley s Frankenstein, these themes come to us in the guise of monsters, goliaths, dragons, gods, and myriads of fantasy-like components that express meaning in ways impossible within the boundaries of realityRead MoreFrankenstein Study Guide14107 Words   |  57 PagesTHE GLENCOE LITERATURE LIBRARY Study Guide for Frankenstein by Mary Shelley i To the Teachern The Glencoe Literature Library presents full-length novels and plays bound together with shorter selections of various genres that relate by theme or topic to the main reading. Each work in the Library has a two-part Study Guide that contains a variety of resources for both you and your students. Use the Guide to plan your instruction of the work and enrich your classroom presentations. InRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods1787 Words   |  7 Pagesselection and genetics, man was modifying living species. 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Curtis, maintained â€Å"a sceptical distance†38 from official Soviet ideology, refusing to

Conjugating the French -re Verb Mordre (to Bite)

Essay on Robert Nozicks The Experience Machine - 954 Words

As humans we are constantly in search of understanding the balance between what feels good and what is right. Humans try to take full advantage of experiencing pleasure to its fullest potential. Hedonism claims that pleasure is the highest and only source of essential significance. If the notion of hedonism is truthful, happiness is directly correlated with pleasure. Robert Nozick presented the philosophical world with his though experiment, â€Å"The Experience Machine† in order to dispute the existence and validity of hedonism. Nozick’s thought experiment poses the question of whether or not humans would plug into a machine which produces any desired experience. Nozick weakens the notion of hedonism through his thought experiment, claiming†¦show more content†¦Nozick suggests, â€Å"why should we be concerned only with how our time is filled, but not with what we are?† The truth is humans are not only concerned with what they do in life, but also with whom they become and are. The human personality develops by experiencing true and real events that are not resulted from a man made machine. We as humans have the ability to reason and understand life differently than everything else in existence. Because of this understanding of life, we understand that pleasure is not the only important thing to us. As human we have real life goals which need to be experienced through reality, not through some stimulation of our brain. Nozick makes it clear the pleasure is not intrinsically good because by denying this thought experiment, we are also denying that all we need is pleasure to live a good life. Nozick also discovers that humans would not hook up to this machine because it is a form of suicide. Humans will never want to entirely reduce themselves to a man made realism. Nozick states, â€Å"There is no contact with any deeper reality, though the experience of it can be simulated†. This statement explains that humans need to experience a connection with reality because it has importance to all of our lives. By humans agreeing to be plugged into this machine, they are indeed giving up who they are, which in reality is giving up your life. This idea of choosing illusion over reality truly is a form ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on Robert Nozicks Experience Machine1074 Words   |  5 PagesGood experiences are something that we spend our life constantly striving to obtain. Once we gain these good experiences, we look for the next opportunity in order to gain that same great feeling that we had in our last experience. What if someone told you that there was a way to have these g ood experiences all the time? You could quite literally plug yourself into a machine that would give you the great experiences that you have been searching for your whole life. The best part is that, once youRead MoreRobert Nozicks Experiment, The Experience Machine and the Inclusion of Meta-Pleasure722 Words   |  3 PagesThe Experience Machine and the Inclusion of Meta-Pleasure Robert Nozick is a philosopher who seeks to disprove the utilitarian notion of hedonism through a thought experiment that he has entitles â€Å"The Experience Machine† (Nozick 646). I will first explain the concept of utilitarianism and hedonism, then the experience machine before I give a reply about the inclusion of a third category of pleasure which I have called â€Å"meta-pleasure†. Finally, I will show how technology may be disproving the entireRead MoreHappiness By Robert Nozick1500 Words   |  6 PagesLife, philosopher Robert Nozick lists three conceptions of happiness, which he calls the ‘three forms of happiness’ (Nozick, p. 108). The third form of happiness is defined satisfaction with life as a whole--being able to look back on one s life and be satisfied with what one has done/experienced (Nozick, p. 110). He argues it is easy to understand why people long for this type of happiness, as it is pleasurable to experience in itself. This is, if evaluation of one’s past experiences are correct, andRead MoreEssay on Robert Nozick ´s Happiness and the Experience Machine585 Words   |  3 Pages Robert Nozicks Happiness Many theorist believe that happiness is the only important in peoples life, and all that should matter to a person is being happy. The standard of assessing a good life is how much or quantity of happiness it contains. This openness of happiness, its generosity of spirit and width of appreciation, gets warped and constricted by the claim pretending to be its greatest friend—that only happiness matters, nothing else. Robert Nozick does not on the side of hedonisticRead MoreDefending Utilitarianism- Mills Answer1163 Words   |  5 Pages â€Æ' Defending Utilitarianism: Mill’s posthumous answer to Nozick’s experience machine â€Å"The greatest good for the greatest number†; that is how the British philosopher John Stuart Mill famously summarized utilitarianism (Shafer-Landau, 2012b, p. 120). He is not only one of the greatest utilitarians, he is also a hedonist. Hence, he believed that this greatest good can be achieved by focussing all action on attaining the greatest amount of happiness. Mill describes utility as holding ‘that actionsRead MoreEthical and Psychological Hedonism Essay1395 Words   |  6 PagesAdditionally, some arguments and ideas presented by Robert Nozick in his essay â€Å"The Experience Machine† prove relevant to the discussion of hedonism, where Nozick concludes by disagreeing with the hedonist’s ideas. I will start by defining the two versions of hedonism so far presented and follow this up by exploring my own personal views of two branches, paying attention to what they each say about values and pursuing pleasures. To conclude, Nozick’s essay wil l be considered for its value to our discussionRead MoreHedonism, By Robert Nozick1272 Words   |  6 Pagesoff of that. By examining Nozick’s experience machine, Issues on morality, and the paradox of pursuing happiness. We will see there are many flaws with this way of thinking leading it to be a poor choice for the well-being of mankind. The first argument against hedonism is Nozick’s experience machine. Robert Nozick an author and philosopher first thought of this machine was in his book Anarchy, State, and Utopia thus the title of Nozick’s machine. The point of this machine was an individual would beRead MoreThe Happiness System, By Daniel Nettle997 Words   |  4 Pagesthat the big issue in life is not being joyful, which is at best going to be an occasional perk, but being happy in the sense of generally satisfied overall (33).† Throughout his novel, Nettles explores the depths of happiness and what it means to experience it in all forms and aspects across generations and cultures, and how it helps develop us into the people that we are, and our success as a living species. The happiness system is designed to help us gain a better understanding of our core valuesRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Moral Philosophy1505 Words   |  7 Pagesstance by all philosophers 2. Opponents to Hedonist thinking, include Jean Kazez, Robert Nozick, and Chris Heathwood. I argue that pleasure is not the only intrinsic good, rather it is one among many other goods that hold intrinsic value. To assert my position, I will first discuss Epicurus and Mill’s explanation on what makes pleasure intrinsic. I will then consider Robert Nozick’s â€Å"The Experience Machine† in order to exemplify the existence of other intrinsic values. Adding to my argumentRead MoreAnalysis Of Robert Nozick s Experience Machine2339 Words   |  10 Pagesreality, stepping out of Robert Nozick’s experience machine. While in this device, wires are connected to an individual’s brain which triggers pleasure while their body is being nourished in a giant reservoir. This unique machine allows one to fulfill his/her appetite of all desires no matter how insane or simple, existing only in his/her mind. Of course this machine doesn’t actually exist, but it represents a perfect example of what life would be like if we could experience all of the pleasures we

Heparin for Pharmacology of Related Drugs- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theHeparin for Pharmacology of Related Drugs. Answer: Heparin is an anticoagulant medication. Anticoagulants are generally referred to as blood thinners and are used to prevent formation of blood clots. Blood clots could be caused by certain medical procedures. It is also used before surgery to minimise the risks of blood clots. Specifically, the drug is used to prevent and treat conditions such as pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis and arterial thromboembolism (Mulloy, Hogwood, Gray, Lever and Page, 2016). This assignment discusses heparin, nursing considerations for heparin, and APTT test and how it is conducted. Nursing considerations for heparin Close monitoring is necessary when dealing with heparin since it has a narrow therapeutic index. This means that small dose variations may lead to therapeutic failures or cause adverse drug reactions. Heparin could also pose an increased risk for bleeding hence the need for the nurse to be very careful. Another consideration that should be made is that there is potential for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. APTT test Activated Partial Thromboplastin Clotting Time is a test that is used to measure the time it takes for formation of a blood clot. In normal situation, some proteins form a blood clot when a blood vessel is injured or damaged. The aim of this test is to monitor this process to identify the blood clot formation is happening normally (Tripodi and Chantarangkul, 2017). The test procedure is as follows. Blood sample is put in a test tube that contains oxalate or citrate. Mixing and centrifugation follows. A plasma sample is obtained and placed in to measuring test tube. An excess of calcium in a suspension of phospholipid is added. Finally, an activator is added and the time it takes for coagulation to take place is recorded. The typical range of reference is between 30 and 50 seconds. References Mulloy, B., Hogwood, J., Gray, E., Lever, R., Page, C. P. (2016). Pharmacology of heparin and related drugs.Pharmacological reviews,68(1), 76-141. Tripodi, A., Chantarangkul, V. (2017). Lupus Anticoagulant Testing: Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Silica Clotting Time (SCT). InHemostasis and Thrombosis (pp. 177-183). Humana Press, New York, NY.

IV Therapy Case Study Essay Sample free essay sample

Intravenous therapy or IV therapy is the extract of liquid substances straight into a vena. The word endovenous merely means â€Å"within a vein† . Therapies administered intravenously are frequently called forte pharmaceuticals. It is normally referred to as a trickle because many systems of disposal employ a drip chamber. which prevents air from come ining the blood watercourse ( air intercalation ) . and allows an appraisal of flow rate. * Intravenous therapy may be used to rectify electrolyte instabilities. to present medicines. for blood transfusion or as unstable replacing to rectify. for illustration. desiccation. Intravenous therapy can besides be used for chemotherapy. When compared with other paths of disposal. the endovenous path is the fastest manner to present fluids and medicines throughout the organic structure. Types of IV entree The Hickman catheter is softer than a simple triple-lumen catheter. and is normally inserted in an operating room. The existent entree to the subclavian vena is still by puncture under the collarbone. We will write a custom essay sample on IV Therapy Case Study Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page but the distal terminal of the catheter is pulled under the tegument for 2-4 inches and comes out of the chest stopping point to the mammilla. This creates a â€Å"tunnel† which decreases the hazard of infection. The Hickman catheter. which is made of silastic ( a silicone elastomere ) . comes in double-lumen and triple-lumen assortments. These catheters can remain in topographic point for hebdomads to months ; some patients have had the same Hickman catheter for old ages! * The Groshong catheter is really similar to the Hickman catheter. but has a valve at the tip of the catheter which makes it unneeded to go forth a high concentration of Lipo-Hepin in the catheter ( see below ) . The Broviac catheter is besides similar to the Hickman catheter. but is of smaller size. This catheter is largely used for paediatric patients. * Apheresis catheters are larger and sturdier than Hickman catheters. Apheresis catheters can besides be used for haemodialysis. and are frequently called â€Å"dialysis catheters† . The Hickman catheters are non designed to manage high-flow blood backdowns ; they are so soft that the walls of the catheter prostration ( pull vacuity ) when the dialysis. or pheresis. machine efforts to draw blood into the machine ( see besides Apheresis ) . These dialysis/pheresis catheters can either be inserted without a tunnel ( e. g. . Arrow Catheter? /i gt ; ) at the bedside. or with a tunnel ( e. g. . PermCath? /i gt ; ) in the operating room. Such tunneled pheresis catheters can function both for the aggregation of root cells and for support of the patient during the transplant episode. * Implantable Ports are catheters which are inserted wholly under the tegument. The distal terminal of the catheter is formed by a little metal â€Å"drum† or reservoir. which has on one side a membrane for needle entree. This membranophone is surgically placed under the tegument. merely below the collarbone. with the membrane instantly below the tegument. The catheter runs from the membranophone into the subclavian vena. Access is ever with a particular acerate leaf that is pushed through the tegument and the membrane into the reservoir inside the membranophone. Such ports come in different sizes. and can hold either one or two lms. Sinc e the full catheter is under the tegument. the hazard of infection is smaller than with external catheter Gone Incorrect!Infiltration and extravasation are complications that can happen during endovenous therapy administered via either peripheral or cardinal venous entree devices. Both can ensue in jobs with the siting of future venous entree devices. nervus harm. infection and tissue mortification. The nurse is the key to cut downing the hazard of infiltration and extravasation. through her cognition and accomplishment in canulation and the endovenous disposal of drugs ( by bolus injection or extract ) . The nurse must besides be able to acknowledge the early marks and symptoms of infiltration and extravasation and act quickly and efficaciously to restrict tissue harm. The first mark of possible escape of drugs into the tissues is pain and uncomfortableness. so patients must be informed of what symptoms to look out for and be asked to describe any alteration in esthesis every bit shortly as they are cognizant of it. Finally. accurate certification of the event is critical to ease patien t attention and in instance of judicial proceeding. hypertext transfer protocol: //faculty. mercer. edu/summervill_j/iv. htmhypertext transfer protocol: //www. ivteam. com/iv-therapy-extravasation-and-infiltration/

Free Essays on Rainmaker

2) Book Review â€Å"The Rainmaker† by John Grisham, is about a young lawyer named Rudy Baylor who is graduating from law school and needs a job. When the job that he is supposed to have is given to someone else, he finds himself having to settle for a job with a law firm that isn't exactly on its way up the success ladder. A lawyer named J. Lyman Stone runs it. His nickname is 'Bruiser'. Bruiser, as Rudy will later find out, is not only a lawyer, but also a crook and will have to go into hiding when a former business partner of his testifies before a grand jury. Rudy has to form a partnership with a man named Deck Shiflit who has gone to law school but failed the bar exam more times than one can count. Together the two men have to fight an insurance company called Great Benefit, which has denied their client who has cancer, funds for a bone marrow transplant. Rudy has to go up against a large law firm that represents Great Benefit. Rudy also becomes involved with a woman whose husband beats her. He must juggle the case, the girl, and his landlady. This book is a mix of action, suspense and drama; it will change readers' stereotype of lawyers. Various conflicts in this book all seem to go on at the same time. The beginning conflict is between Rudy and his classmates. He is upset at the hard work he has put in while his other rich classmates will easily find jobs for which he will have to struggle to accomplish. The young lawyer’s next conflict is with Leo F. Drumond the lead attorney for the Great Benefit defense who has sold out on his legal beliefs and obligations to win cases. As this conflict is being laid out, another comes in with the woman who is being beaten by her boyfriend. She doesn't want to leave him and Rudy must convince her that it is the only way for her to stay alive. Another part of the Great Benefit trial conflict comes out when the boy with the cancer dies. This escalates the empathetic feelings of the jury du... Free Essays on Rainmaker Free Essays on Rainmaker 2) Book Review â€Å"The Rainmaker† by John Grisham, is about a young lawyer named Rudy Baylor who is graduating from law school and needs a job. When the job that he is supposed to have is given to someone else, he finds himself having to settle for a job with a law firm that isn't exactly on its way up the success ladder. A lawyer named J. Lyman Stone runs it. His nickname is 'Bruiser'. Bruiser, as Rudy will later find out, is not only a lawyer, but also a crook and will have to go into hiding when a former business partner of his testifies before a grand jury. Rudy has to form a partnership with a man named Deck Shiflit who has gone to law school but failed the bar exam more times than one can count. Together the two men have to fight an insurance company called Great Benefit, which has denied their client who has cancer, funds for a bone marrow transplant. Rudy has to go up against a large law firm that represents Great Benefit. Rudy also becomes involved with a woman whose husband beats her. He must juggle the case, the girl, and his landlady. This book is a mix of action, suspense and drama; it will change readers' stereotype of lawyers. Various conflicts in this book all seem to go on at the same time. The beginning conflict is between Rudy and his classmates. He is upset at the hard work he has put in while his other rich classmates will easily find jobs for which he will have to struggle to accomplish. The young lawyer’s next conflict is with Leo F. Drumond the lead attorney for the Great Benefit defense who has sold out on his legal beliefs and obligations to win cases. As this conflict is being laid out, another comes in with the woman who is being beaten by her boyfriend. She doesn't want to leave him and Rudy must convince her that it is the only way for her to stay alive. Another part of the Great Benefit trial conflict comes out when the boy with the cancer dies. This escalates the empathetic feelings of the jury du...

Counseling Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Counseling Theory - Essay Example c psychological complexities of females, feminists counselling theorist have formulated five primary therapeutic doctrines.(Cole, Rothblum, and Enns, 1997) They are; 1) the personal is aligned to the political, 2) remain committed to social change. 3) maintain egalitarian relationships, 4) respect and honor female experiences and opinions, and 5) oppression of all types are recognized and acknowledged. (Cole, Rothblum, and Enns, 1997) Tied to these doctrines is the feminist’s counsellor’s desire to cultivate change, equity, crossing interdependence with independence, empowerment, self-nurturing and an appreciation for diversity. (Cole, Rothblum, and Enns, 1997) In adopting the feminine counselling theory I would approach from the concept that human nature dictates that the gender differences are a consequence of the socialization process. I would emphasize that multi-cultural ideology applies equally to all persons regardless of race, culture, gender, age, class, sexual orientation, ethnic origins and individual competence. I would also emphasize that human nature is influenced by both contextual factors and environment and that human development is always under construction as it is a lifetime process allowing for constant change. The counsellor’s objective in pointing out the general view of human nature is to cultivate an open mind in the patient/client. By having an open mind, the client can put aside bitterness and can come to view these social obstructions as matters that she can cope with and overcome. The counsellor’s collective goal is to help the client gain a measure of self-appreciation and self-value. This is accomplished by stressing the view of human nature as the catalyst for women’s difficulties in the socializing process. By taking this approach, the counsellor encourages the client/patient to view counselling as a strategy for coping. The coping strategy emanates from imparting insight into the general view of human nature

Marriage and the Family Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marriage and the Family - Personal Statement Example The solution that the educator that I interviewed presented was simply the desire of the parents to take some time off their careers in order to stay longer at home and monitor the development of their children. It is not always good to depend on the nannies and tutors to preside over the learning of their children. The parents have to be committed to regularly be there when their children needs them. The counselor that I interviewed mentioned that there are three fundamental procedures of decision-making in the present day families: the top-down method, the democratic method, and the subculture method. Top-down or implemented decision-making normally happens in the family structure of disoriented families, because the heads of these families do not know that it normally leads in bad developments that are hard to manage, even though they may be effortless to tell to the members of the family (Napier 5). In short, they do not know that top-down methods may lead in forced compliance from the children for instance, but in reality they do not totally agree to it. As a solution to this problem, the counselor suggested that families implement the deliberate methods to decision-making which are hard and eat up a lot of time, but the dedication and trust to the development will be more effective than an altered family setting which decreases outputs and results. C. Opinion of the Social Worker The social worker that I interviewed mentioned that majority of the failed activities of families at present rely tremendously on the lack of interpersonal interaction and relationship among the family members. Bounded with a distorted objective, the control of developments at families is not always coordinated with the family members that will benefit or will immediately feel the impacts. Discussing the objective of development at families nowadays is not always important (Cherlin 6). As a solution to this problem, the social worker recommended that families should start to realize that interaction is the highly recommended way that the families must always use. If the family members can effectively communicate with each other, obtaining the trust of each other and managing a smooth relationship will always be easy to do, and this leads to a smooth flow of family functions. Personal Notes I believe that family is the most important treasure in the world. While it is true that families cannot be perfect all the time, the family members must always have the initiative to help each other grow and become united as one. Of course, the parents have to be role models in order for the children to follow. If the family stays together as one cohesive unit all then time, then problems no matter how they may be can be easily deflected and the family will be strong and firm with their support for each other. WORKS CITED Cherlin, Andrew. Public and Private Families: An Introduction. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages; 5th edition 2006 Lamanna, Mary Ann. Marriages & Families: Making

Human Resource Management Essay Example for Free

Human Resource Management Essay The key to transform a great business idea into reality. Every business concept has a hand in hand relation with the manpower who will drive various aspect of the business. Unless the human resource and various aspect of it is not understood and utilized appropriately the success of business Competency and Its Mapping Competence (or competency) is the ability of an individual to perform a job or any given assignment properly. A competency is a set of defined behaviors that provide a structured guide enabling the identification, evaluation and development of the behaviors in individual or group of employees. Various kind of competency was understood and based on this an individual or group of individual may be assigned a job. At the same time I got an opportunity to assess my personal competency and how it may be shifted to expert level i.e. I was not very comfortable with sudden changes in the course action suggested by my senior – dealing with non clear instruction use to disturb me. But now I have understood that this is a part of job as one grows up in the corporate structure. And will have to manage such situation with better competency. Recruitment The process of recruiting an individual for some known set of job is also one of the important take away from this course. This refers to the process of attracting, screening, and selecting a qualified person for a job. The process to achieve competency in all the above mentioned skills was discussed in the course and it gave a fairly good idea on how to manage. Training and Development Training and development is the field which is concerned with organizational activity aimed at bettering the performance of individuals and groups in organizational settings. A well trained employee is the most valuable asset to the organization – as he is capable of executing most of the process desired by the respective individual. Important Legal Aspect In Reference to Indian Labor law. The legal aspect in the context of Indian labor law – we got acquainted to some of the important laws which we must know as managers. This is for our benefit, the benefit of the group, company, society and the nation at large. The bellow mentioned acts were very informative. ââ€" ª Industrial Disputes Act 1947 ââ€" ª Trade Union Act 1926 ââ€" ª Factories Act 1948 ââ€" ª Employee’s Provident Funds Misc. Provisions Act 1952 ââ€" ª Employees’ State Insurance Act 1948 ââ€" ª Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 ââ€" ª Payment of Gratuity Act 1972 ââ€" ª Employees’ Compensation Act 1923 Although the take away in this course cannot be documented fully but I have pointed out few of them which was important to me. The take away will be demonstrated in the time to come by the way it is implemented in the real and practical situations. HR audit on Appraisal System HR audit is the systematic verification of various aspect of human interaction with the concerned job. This encompasses job analysis and design, recruitment and selection, orientation and placement, training and development, performance appraisal and job evaluation, employee and executive remuneration, motivation and morale, participative management, communication, welfare and social security, safety and health, industrial relations, trade unionism, and disputes and their resolution. HR audit is very much useful to achieve the organizational goal and also is a vital tool which helps to assess the effectiveness of HR functions of an organization. It gives an idea that the organization is aligned to the organizational vision, mission and goal or not. In reference to this assignment I have done audit of â€Å"appraisal system and its linkage to pay for performance† Appraisal System and Pay for Performance The purpose to do this audit is to examine and pinpoint strength and weaknesses related to HR areas – like appraisal system and Pay for performance system to enable an organization to achieve its long-term and short-term goals. This audit is done for my own organization. Few suggestions for improvement are also added. The present Appraisal system The job role is clearly explained and is quantified. The performance is rated as A+ , A, B+ , B and C. The one who exceed in achieving the goal this will get A+ and so on. The one who gets A+ will be rewarded monetarily for display of great performance which exceeded the given target. Rest all will not be financially rewarded. This happens every quarter and finally at the end of financial year. Management felt it needed to use pay-for performance as an additional inducement either to achieve particular goals, to reinforce learning and/or team behavior in semiautonomous teams, and or to compensate for an increase in span of control due to de-layering. In this assignment I will try to point out the negatives of this kind of appraisal system Negative points Everyone is concerned for their target and tend to ignore the following. Specifically, they motivate employees to focus excessively on doing what they need to do to gain rewards, sometimes at the expense of doing other things that would help the organization. 1. The senior many time fails to inculcate employee motivation towards their individual achievement goal – which in turn is a component of immediate senior goal. i. Hence fails to inculcate the charm of achieving challenging but doable goal. 2. There is a quota of number of person who will get recognized for excellent performance. Corporate budgets for bonuses often limit payout. i. That in other terms means the achievement of goal is not the only measuring parameter. There are several more differentiating factors which decide that the individual will get recognized or not. ii. This sometime becomes non motivating factor in the mid of the evaluation course when an individual realizes that the recognition is based on the ability beyond the achievement of target. iii. Managers can lose commitment to the pay system if it pays out more than anticipated due to problems in payout standards and if there are changes in performance standards due to changes in technology and organizational arrangements and unanticipated learning curves. iv. It is changing circumstances that make it difficult for managers to sustain links between pay and performance in a way that will avoid perceptions of unfairness and inequity. Such perceptions can undermine the perceived link between pay and performance so important to sustain its motivational power. 3. There is no formal discussion with the HR representative during the appraisal. i. Which leads to inappropriate focus of personal development from HR point of view. In other words, rather than assuming that there are universal best practices for pay-for-performance, it may be that what is effective for a particular organization depends on some unique aspects of its culture, and one must, therefore, be cautious in generalizing from one organization to another, even within the same industry. To ignore employee discontent with the pay system would mean undercutting the high-commitment culture. Suggestion for changes 1. Discussion on the goal with the individual – monthly, quarterly as well as half yearly and finally annual. 2. The recognition of performance should be based on the attitude and genuine motivation towards achievement of goals set during the above discussion. 3. Appraisal should be done in presence of HR representative and immediate supervisor. 4. Many times the individual does not know why he is being asked to do any specific job and is unable to see the bigger picture i.e corporate strategy, competitive strategy and functional strategy. And hence the individual does not feel himself inclusive in the overall process. 5. Apart from the specific goals of the company – there must be a focus on the personal skill, knowledge and attitude of the employee. There must be a discussion on the training need and requirement. This will strengthen the most valuable asset of any organization. 6. The pay for performance should not be limited to little number of persons. It should be distributed in form of slabs to all. 7. High commitment can only be created if employees develop an emotional attachment to the task, management, and the company. This in turn can only be developed if they feel fairly treated. And, this in turn is a function of how much voice they have in issues that affect task performance and their well-being. 8. The recognition of performance should not be based on the skills other than the professional need.

Western Civilization Essay -- essays research papers

Western Civilization from 1589 to 1914 had many specific changes that contributed to the structure of the western world before World War I. In the absolutism state sovereignty is embodied in the person of the ruler. Kings were absolute kings and were resposible to no none except god. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries absolute rulers had to respect the fundamental laws of their land. They had to control competing jurisdictions, institutions or groups that were interested in their territory. They regulated religious sects. France of Louis was the classic model of absolutism. Louis XIV, " the sun king," was a devoted Catholic who believed that god had estalblished kings as rulers on the earth. The French language and culture became an international style because of him. People liked what he was doing, people really liked him. He effected the western world in a good way. He made them see that absolutism could indeed be very productive. Constitutionalism is the opposite of absolutism. Tis is the limitation of the state law. Under the constitutionalism, the state must be governed according to law, not by royal decree. It implies the balance of power of the government and the rights of the subjects. Constitutional governments may be either be republics or monarchies. Between 1603 and 1649 absolutism ran along second to English beliefs. This is when costitutionalism began to rise. This was also during the English civil war. This was a messy period for England. After this period however, the English monarchy was restored. The Stuart kings were stored in 1660. This did not however, help religion of the relationship between king and parliament. The test was passed in 1673. This stated that those who joined the church of England could not vote, hold office, preach, teach, attend universities or assemble, and these restrictions could not be upheld. Fear of a catholic monarchy led to the expulsion of James the 2nd and t he glorious revolution. Constitutionalism was the way of the future and in my own personal opinion it was the best way to go. Shortly after absolutism and constituionalism the scientific revolution came into effect. The scientfic revolution of the seventeenth century was the major cause of the change in world view and one of the key developments in the evolution of the weste... ... The American Revolution was fought from 1775-1789. The British wanted Americans to share the imperial expenses. The Americans did not like that so they fought for there freedom and they won. They won their independence. America’s greater political equality was matched by greater social and economic equality. By the time the American revolution ended in 1789 the French revolution began and went on until 1791. The French were influenced by the Americans so they decided to revolutionize too. By the 1780’s France’s government was nearly bankrupt as was the banking system. The French raised bread prices and prices on other essentials. France had to do something so they went to war. France did not endure the immediate successes the way the America did. Theirs was a more slow moving process but eventually they got there. These revolutions reinforced the enlightenment idea that a better life is out there. Everything that happened shaped western civilization in one way or another. None more so then the American Revolution. The western world looked at was going on and learned from it. Western civilization has come along way and yet has a long way to travel.

Management and Weber Essay

Drawing on Weber’s ideal type, critically consider the relevance of bureaucratic administration to the management of twenty-first century organizations. Max Weber was a German sociologist in the twentieth century; he was famous for his classical management theory. Weber classified three different types of authority, traditional, charismatic and legitimate authority. Traditional authority is based on traditions and customs that the leader has the legitimate right to use authority. Charismatic authority is the belief that the leader whose mission and visions will inspire others. Legitimate authority is based on formal, system of rules. In the 1930s, Weber introduced that the bureaucratic form as being the ideal way of organizing government agencies. This soon became popular in both the private and public sectors. Weber believes that the development of rational forms to be the most important characteristics in the development of Western society and capitalism. He considered the traditional and charismatic forms as irrational. Rationality is based on reasoning, calculation and logic. One of the many types of rationality includes the formal rationality. The notion of formal rationality is important to the emergence of industrial capitalism as capitalism values reason, calculation and precision, science and logic. Formal rationality is a form of rationality that characterizes bureaucratic organizations. Bureaucracy refers to the execution of tasks that are governed by official administrative and formal rules of an organization. Weber’s bureaucratic management theory focuses on dividing organizations into hierarchies with authorities and control. The ideal type is extreme, empirically based and yardstick for comparison. Weber has 6 major principles for his ideal type of management style. Firstly, the organization has a formal hierarchical structure, which refers to the ranking system within in the management. A hierarchical structure management style also suggests a centralized decision making process, where the vast majority of decisions are made by a small number of people, usually the senior management teams. Secondly, the organization follows a management by rules system; the organization is controlled by rules, which allows decisions to be made at high level then executed by the lower levels. Thirdly, the organization is organized by functional specialty, which means that there is specialization within the organization; employees are divided into separate departments based on their abilities and skills. Specialization allows the employee to be efficient and more skilled at a specific task, which increases productivity. Furthermore, all decisions and rules are recorded in writing to ensure continuity over time. In addition, in an ideal system, there is equality between all employees, applying to both managerial and non-managerial workers. Lastly, employment is wholly based on technical qualifications, which means employees are hired on a basis of their abilities and competence. Weber’s bureaucratic management focuses on the authorities in the top level of the hierarchy and causes an â€Å"iron cage† to restrict the lower lever workers which leads to demotivation and a feeling of insignificance. Many researchers argue that weber emphasizes on the positive consequences of bureaucracy and ignores the dysfunctions of it. These researchers include Gouldner, Merton and Thompson. In Gouldner opinions, he does not believe the bureaucracy authority is neither acceptable nor efficient. He proposed three types of bureaucracy, mock bureaucracy, punishment centered bureaucracy and representative bureaucracy. In mock bureaucracy, the rules are ignored because they come from an outside agency; employees feel that there is too much ‘red tape’. In punishment-centered bureaucracy, the rules are imposed on the workers from inside the organization. This type of authority discourages the workers from full commitment; workers would only perform a adequate amount of work. In representative bureaucracy, the rules are developed and supported by managers and the employees. As for Merton, he believes that rational rules and the close control leads to inflexibility. He introduced the idea of ‘goal displacement’; this is when organizational goals are replaced by personal goals. Bureaucracies’ rules become more important than what they were designed to serve, which results in inefficiencies. In bureaucratic systems, specialization consists of different departments with different goals. These goals could cause conflict and these goals may become more important than the organization’s original objectives. Victor Thompson also criticized Weber’s ‘ideal type’, he suggests the bureaupathic behavior, and this is when employees are more interested in the rules than the purposes and goals of the organization. Thompson also argued that in bureaucratic systems, the authorities generate a sense of insecurity that uses rules to protect them from making errors. There are many more dysfunctional consequences of bureaucracy. Firstly, bureaucracy is a rigid management system, it is designed for a stable and predictable business environment, hence it cannot adapt to rapid and unexpected changes. Also, in a bureaucratic system, there is a concentration of power in the higher levels of management, which would create distance between the employees at the lower levels of the hierarchy and leading to a sense of demotivation. There was not only Weber’s theories about management style, there were also Taylorism by Fredrick Winslow Taylor, Fordism by Henry Ford, and McDonaldism by George Ritzer. Taylor was regarded as the father of scientific management. Taylorism was aimed to a) minimize production time, b) achieve divison of labour, c) reduce the amount of work by following a machinelike routine d) separate work equally among the workers and the managers, e) gain control by supervision of work with managers planning, and workers performing the tasks. His ultimate goal was to succeed in gaining efficiency by increasing output from his workers. Taylor also introduced the Time and Motion Study, this was to establish productivity. He first separated the tasks into small steps, then performance was monitored to eliminate wasteful motion, with the exact time recorded, then the production and delivery time and prices can be calculated. However, this is only suitable for repetitive tasks. The idea of taylorism is usually argued that it exploits human beings, it also ignores personal creativity and there is a loss of autonomy to the employees. Fordism was the system of mass production that was introduced by Henry Ford, the founder of the Ford Motor Company. His aim was to achieve higher productivity by standardizing the output by his company. He was also the first to introduce the use of assembly lines. In Taylorism, it focused on machine and worker efficiency, however, in Fordism, ford replaced labour with machinery and he minimizes costs instead of maximizing profits. Critics argued that Fordism destroys craftsmanship and de-skilled jobs as it focuses on machinery to perform the tasks, and with the small number of workers of the workplace, the repetitiveness of the job is believed to lead to stress and alienation of the workers. After Fordism, George Ritzer introduced the idea of McDonaldism, the term was to refer to the process of fast food restaurants dominating the world. This new structure of Ritzer’s replaced Weber’s bureaucratic structure. He proposed four principles of McDonaldization. 1) Efficiency: In McDonaldized structures, the ideal way for completing a task was the whole of the organization aims to minimize time of production. 2) Calculability: McDonaldism suggests that a large amount of product delivered in a short period of time is equivalent to a quality product. 3) Predictability: In McDonaldism, products and services are standardized, despite the location or time. 4) Control: According to McDonaldism, employees perform specific tasks with non-human technologies to replace them when needed. Bureaucracy belongs to the twentieth century when the business environment is stable and predictable, however, in the twenty-first century; the business environment is forever changing and is in need for a flexible structure. There are five key organizational trends in the twenty-first century. Firstly, globalization is the increase integration of national economies into global markets rather than national markets. Over the past years, there is an increased globalized labour market. The increased globalized markets are mainly due to improvements in transportation and communication such as the Internet. Secondly, the workforce is becoming more diversified due to changing demographics and the globalization of the labour market. Thirdly, in the twenty-first century, organizations are becoming more flexible; there are fewer detailed rules and procedures within the workplace. Employees are receiving greater autonomy with a more flexible organizational structure. Furthermore, businesses prefer to adapt to a flat organizational structure with less management levels, bringing the top management closer to the lower levels of employees hence improving the flow of information and speeding up communication within the organization. Lastly, organizations are mostly networked; there is direct communication between different departments, ignoring the chains of command. Business decision-making is decentralized in networked organizations, which improves the speed of decision-making, encourages input from the workforce and improves accountability of the employees. In conclusion, Weber’s theory of the ideal type of organization is inappropriate for the management of the twenty-first century organizations; the business environment in the current days is rapidly changing. Bureaucracy is a rigid system that does not allow easy changes which is required in the modern world. Hence, bureaucratic system is only suitable in the twentieth century where the business environment is static. Bibliography: Max Weber – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2011. Max Weber – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weber. [Accessed 17 October 2011] Bureaucracy — Max Weber’s six characteristics of the bureaucratic form. 2011. Bureaucracy — Max Weber’s six characteristics of the bureaucratic form. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.bustingbureaucracy.com/excerpts/weber.htm. [Accessed 17 October 2011]. WEBER ON BUREAUCRACY. 2011. WEBER ON BUREAUCRACY. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.humanities.mq.edu.au/Ockham/y64l09.html. [Accessed 19 October 2011]. Bureaucratic Management. 2011. Bureaucratic Management. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.vectorstudy.com/management_schools/bureaucratic_management.htm. [Accessed 19 October 2011]. What is Wrong with Weberian Bureaucracy?. 2011. What is Wrong with Weberian Bureaucracy?. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.change.freeuk.com/learning/business/ratlegal.html. [Accessed 24 October 2011]. Bureaucracy (Advantages and Dis-Advantages)  « Michael Wiriadinata. 2011. Bureaucracy (Advantages and Dis-Advantages)  « Michael Wiriadinata. [ONLINE] Available at: http://mamikikeyu.wordpress.com/2011/05/12/bureaucracy-advantages-and-dis-advantages/. [Accessed 24 October 2011]. Scientific Management (Taylorism). 2011. Scientific Management (Taylorism). [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.12manage.com/methods_taylor_scientific_management.html. [Accessed 24 October 2011]. McDonaldization – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2011. McDonaldization – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonaldization. [Accessed 27 October 2011].

An Introduction To Agriculture, Genetically Modified Crops

An Innovation to Agriculture, Genetically Modified Crops Most of the produce that are being sold in grocery stores are genetically modified; they make up about seventy to eighty percent of the produce individuals consume. These genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, are â€Å"safe and nutritious as conventional crops†; however, there are many misconceptions about them (Manila Bulletin). Many people believe that the creation of the GMOs pose a threat to the wellbeing of individuals; though, GMOs are clinically proven to be highly nutritious, and are approved by the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA. In addition, these crops have been modified to be resistant to pests, and are able to sustain its health in various climates, making harvesting crops convenient. With this in mind, crops can be harvested all across the world and will eventually solve Earth’s major issue, world hunger. These harmless, pest resistant, modified crops not only benefit society, but also the modernized farmers. The genetically modified crops increas e the yield in crops, saving money on resources and increasing profit. There are many controversy about genetically modified crops; however, these crops are proven to be beneficial and are necessary to our society. A common misconception regarding genetically modified crops is that it is not safe for humans to digest and can be life threatening. Those who are skeptics about this scientific breakthrough are usually misinformed, or have bias against GMOs. ForShow MoreRelatedGenetically Modified Crops1056 Words   |  5 Pagesmany countries. If these countries were to embrace genetically modified crops, the citizens would have much better lives. 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Whether or not you realize it, you have consumed at least one product that contains genetically modified foods. These â€Å"modified foods† are hiding all over your supermarkets and in some instances, there is no way to tell just by looking at it. But, they have been around for more than two decades and it has